更新时间2018-03-06 22:02:34
omo@ubuntu:~/Software/RNAplex/Progs$ make
gcc -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -I.. -I./../H -g -O2 -MT RNAplex.o -MD -MP -MF .deps/RNAplex.Tpo -c -o RNAplex.o RNAplex.c
RNAplex.c: In function ‘read_plfold_i_bin’:
RNAplex.c:1388:3: warning: ignoring return value of ‘fread’, declared with attribute warn_unused_result [-Wunused-result]
fread(first_line,sizeof(int),(end-beg)+1,fp); //get the value of the u option
^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
RNAplex.c:1411:5: warning: ignoring return value of ‘fread’, declared with attribute warn_unused_result [-Wunused-result]
fread(access[count],sizeof(int),(end-beg)+1,fp); //read the needed number of accessibility values
^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
mv -f .deps/RNAplex.Tpo .deps/RNAplex.Po
gcc -g -O2 -o RNAplex RNAplex.o ../lib/libRNAplex.a -lm
RNAplex.o: In function `read_plfold_i_bin':
/home/omo/Software/RNAplex/Progs/RNAplex.c:1387: undefined reference to `space'
/home/omo/Software/RNAplex/Progs/RNAplex.c:1399: undefined reference to `space'
/home/omo/Software/RNAplex/Progs/RNAplex.c:1403: undefined reference to `space'
RNAplex.o: In function `read_plfold_i':
/home/omo/Software/RNAplex/Progs/RNAplex.c:1231: undefined reference to `space'
/home/omo/Software/RNAplex/Progs/RNAplex.c:1233: undefined reference to `space'
RNAplex.o:/home/omo/Software/RNAplex/Progs/RNAplex.c:1457: more undefined references to `space' follow
RNAplex.o: In function `main':
/home/omo/Software/RNAplex/Progs/RNAplex.c:259: undefined reference to `update_fold_params'
/home/omo/Software/RNAplex/Progs/RNAplex.c:261: undefined reference to `read_parameter_file'
/home/omo/Software/RNAplex/Progs/RNAplex.c:263: undefined reference to `space'
/home/omo/Software/RNAplex/Progs/RNAplex.c:263: undefined reference to `nonstandards'
/home/omo/Software/RNAplex/Progs/RNAplex.c:271: undefined reference to `nonstandards'
/home/omo/Software/RNAplex/Progs/RNAplex.c:272: undefined reference to `nonstandards'
/home/omo/Software/RNAplex/Progs/RNAplex.c:274: undefined reference to `nonstandards'
/home/omo/Software/RNAplex/Progs/RNAplex.c:275: undefined reference to `nonstandards'
RNAplex.o: In function `main':
/home/omo/Software/RNAplex/Progs/RNAplex.c:121: undefined reference to `subopt_sorted'
RNAplex.o: In function `usage':
/home/omo/Software/RNAplex/Progs/RNAplex.c:1178: undefined reference to `nrerror'
RNAplex.o: In function `main':
/home/omo/Software/RNAplex/Progs/RNAplex.c:148: undefined reference to `do_backtrack'
RNAplex.o: In function `usage':
/home/omo/Software/RNAplex/Progs/RNAplex.c:1178: undefined reference to `nrerror'
RNAplex.o: In function `main':
/home/omo/Software/RNAplex/Progs/RNAplex.c:151: undefined reference to `noGU'
/home/omo/Software/RNAplex/Progs/RNAplex.c:152: undefined reference to `no_closingGU'
/home/omo/Software/RNAplex/Progs/RNAplex.c:153: undefined reference to `noLonelyPairs'
/home/omo/Software/RNAplex/Progs/RNAplex.c:175: undefined reference to `dangles'
/home/omo/Software/RNAplex/Progs/RNAplex.c:177: undefined reference to `dangles'
RNAplex.o: In function `usage':
/home/omo/Software/RNAplex/Progs/RNAplex.c:1178: undefined reference to `nrerror'
/home/omo/Software/RNAplex/Progs/RNAplex.c:1178: undefined reference to `nrerror'
/home/omo/Software/RNAplex/Progs/RNAplex.c:1178: undefined reference to `nrerror'
RNAplex.o: In function `aliprint_struct':
/home/omo/Software/RNAplex/Progs/RNAplex.c:1672: undefined reference to `aliPS_color_aln'
RNAplex.o: In function `main':
/home/omo/Software/RNAplex/Progs/RNAplex.c:926: undefined reference to `get_line'
/home/omo/Software/RNAplex/Progs/RNAplex.c:943: undefined reference to `space'
/home/omo/Software/RNAplex/Progs/RNAplex.c:948: undefined reference to `get_line'
/home/omo/Software/RNAplex/Progs/RNAplex.c:965: undefined reference to `space'
/home/omo/Software/RNAplex/Progs/RNAplex.c:975: undefined reference to `space'
/home/omo/Software/RNAplex/Progs/RNAplex.c:936: undefined reference to `get_line'
/home/omo/Software/RNAplex/Progs/RNAplex.c:959: undefined reference to `get_line'
/home/omo/Software/RNAplex/Progs/RNAplex.c:931: undefined reference to `space'
/home/omo/Software/RNAplex/Progs/RNAplex.c:954: undefined reference to `space'
/home/omo/Software/RNAplex/Progs/RNAplex.c:1029: undefined reference to `space'
/home/omo/Software/RNAplex/Progs/RNAplex.c:1030: undefined reference to `space'
/home/omo/Software/RNAplex/Progs/RNAplex.c:1076: undefined reference to `nrerror'
/home/omo/Software/RNAplex/Progs/RNAplex.c:1078: undefined reference to `Lduplexfold_CXS'
/home/omo/Software/RNAplex/Progs/RNAplex.c:1020: undefined reference to `Lduplexfold_C'
/home/omo/Software/RNAplex/Progs/RNAplex.c:977: undefined reference to `get_line'
RNAplex.o: In function `make_pair_matrix':
/home/omo/Software/RNAplex/Progs/./../H/pair_mat.h:111: undefined reference to `nrerror'
RNAplex.o: In function `main':
/home/omo/Software/RNAplex/Progs/RNAplex.c:597: undefined reference to `get_line'
/home/omo/Software/RNAplex/Progs/RNAplex.c:628: undefined reference to `space'
/home/omo/Software/RNAplex/Progs/RNAplex.c:1110: undefined reference to `read_clustal'
/home/omo/Software/RNAplex/Progs/RNAplex.c:1111: undefined reference to `read_clustal'
/home/omo/Software/RNAplex/Progs/RNAplex.c:1121: undefined reference to `space'
/home/omo/Software/RNAplex/Progs/RNAplex.c:1122: undefined reference to `space'
/home/omo/Software/RNAplex/Progs/RNAplex.c:1152: undefined reference to `aliLduplexfold_XS'
/home/omo/Software/RNAplex/Progs/RNAplex.c:1118: undefined reference to `nrerror'
/home/omo/Software/RNAplex/Progs/RNAplex.c:1012: undefined reference to `Lduplexfold'
/home/omo/Software/RNAplex/Progs/RNAplex.c:480: undefined reference to `get_line'
/home/omo/Software/RNAplex/Progs/RNAplex.c:511: undefined reference to `space'
/home/omo/Software/RNAplex/Progs/RNAplex.c:525: undefined reference to `get_line'
/home/omo/Software/RNAplex/Progs/RNAplex.c:555: undefined reference to `space'
RNAplex.o: In function `usage':
/home/omo/Software/RNAplex/Progs/RNAplex.c:1178: undefined reference to `nrerror'
/home/omo/Software/RNAplex/Progs/RNAplex.c:1178: undefined reference to `nrerror'
/home/omo/Software/RNAplex/Progs/RNAplex.c:1178: undefined reference to `nrerror'
/home/omo/Software/RNAplex/Progs/RNAplex.c:1178: undefined reference to `nrerror'
RNAplex.o:/home/omo/Software/RNAplex/Progs/RNAplex.c:1178: more undefined references to `nrerror' follow
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
Makefile:240: recipe for target 'RNAplex' failed
make: *** [RNAplex] Error 1
(.text+0x13): undefined reference to `func' 关于undefined reference这样的问题，大家其实经常会遇到，在此，我以详细地示例给出常见错误的各种原因以及解决方法，希望对初学者有所帮助。 1. 链接时缺失了相关目标文件（.o） 测试代码如下： 然后编译。 gcc -c test.c gcc –c main.c 得到两个 .o 文件，一个是 main.o，一个是 test.o ，然后我们链接 .o 得到可执行程序： gcc -o main main.o 这时，你会发现，报错了： main.o: In function `main': main.c:(.text+0x7): undefined reference to `test' collect2: ld returned 1 exit status 这就是最典型的undefined reference错误，因为在链接时发现找不到某个函数的实现文件，本例中test.o文件中包含了test()函数的实现，所以如果按下面这种方式链接就没事了。 gcc -o main main.o test.o 【扩展】：其实上面为了让大家更加清楚底层原因，我把编译链接分开了，下面这样编译也会报undefined reference错，其实底层原因与上面是一样的。 gcc -o main main.c //缺少test()的实现文件 需要改成如下形式才能成功，将test()函数的实现文件一起编译。 gcc -o main main.c test.c //ok,没问题了 2. 链接时缺少相关的库文件（.a/.so） 在此，只举个静态库的例子，假设源码如下。 先把test.c编译成静态库(.a)文件 gcc -c test.c ar -rc test.a test.o 至此，我们得到了test.a文件。我们开始编译main.c gcc -c main.c 这时，则生成了main.o文件，然后我们再通过如下命令进行链接希望得到可执行程序。 gcc -o main main.o 你会发现，编译器报错了： /tmp/ccCPA13l.o: In function `main': main.c:(.text+0x7): undefined reference to `test' collect2: ld returned 1 exit status 其根本原因也是找不到test()函数的实现文件，由于该test()函数的实现在test.a这个静态库中的，故在链接的时候需要在其后加入test.a这个库，链接命令修改为如下形式即可。 gcc -o main main.o ./test.a //注：./ 是给出了test.a的路径 【扩展】：同样，为了把问题说清楚，上面我们把代码的编译链接分开了，如果希望一次性生成可执行程序，则可以对main.c和test.a执行如下命令。 gcc -o main main.c ./test.a //同样，如果不加test.a也会报错 3. 链接的库文件中又使用了另一个库文件 这种问题比较隐蔽，也是我最近遇到的与网上大家讨论的不同的问题，举例说明如下，首先，还是看看测试代码。 从上图可以看出，main.c调用了test.c的函数，test.c中又调用了fun.c的函数。 首先，我们先对fun.c，test.c，main.c进行编译，生成 .o文件。 gcc -c func.c gcc -c test.c gcc -c main.c 然后，将test.c和func.c各自打包成为静态库文件。 ar –rc func.a func.o ar –rc test.a test.o 这时，我们准备将main.o链接为可执行程序，由于我们的main.c中包含了对test()的调用，因此，应该在链接时将test.a作为我们的库文件，链接命令如下。 gcc -o main main.o test.a 这时，编译器仍然会报错，如下： test.a(test.o): In function `test': test.c:(.text+0x13): undefined reference to `func' collect2: ld returned 1 exit status 就是说，链接的时候，发现我们的test.a调用了func()函数，找不到对应的实现。由此我们发现，原来我们还需要将test.a所引用到的库文件也加进来才能成功链接，因此命令如下。 gcc -o main main.o test.a func.a ok，这样就可以成功得到最终的程序了。同样，如果我们的库或者程序中引用了第三方库（如pthread.a）则同样在链接的时候需要给出第三方库的路径和库文件，否则就会得到undefined reference的错误。 4 多个库文件链接顺序问题 这种问题也非常的隐蔽，不仔细研究你可能会感到非常地莫名其妙。我们依然回到第3小节所讨论的问题中，在最后，如果我们把链接的库的顺序换一下，看看会发生什么结果？ gcc -o main main.o func.a test.a 我们会得到如下报错. test.a(test.o): In function `test': test.c:(.text+0x13): undefined reference to `func' collect2: ld returned 1 exit status 因此，我们需要注意，在链接命令中给出所依赖的库时，需要注意库之间的依赖顺序，依赖其他库的库一定要放到被依赖库的前面，这样才能真正避免undefined reference的错误，完成编译链接。 5. 在c++代码中链接c语言的库 如果你的库文件由c代码生成的，则在c++代码中链接库中的函数时，也会碰到undefined reference的问题。下面举例说明。 首先，编写c语言版库文件： 编译，打包为静态库：test.a gcc -c test.c ar -rc test.a test.o 至此，我们得到了test.a文件。下面我们开始编写c++文件main.cpp 然后编译main.cpp生成可执行程序： g++ -o main main.cpp test.a 会发现报错： /tmp/ccJjiCoS.o: In function `main': main.cpp:(.text+0x7): undefined reference to `test()' collect2: ld returned 1 exit status 原因就是main.cpp为c++代码，调用了c语言库的函数，因此链接的时候找不到，解决方法：即在main.cpp中，把与c语言库test.a相关的头文件包含添加一个extern "C"的声明即可。例如，修改后的main.cpp如下： g++ -o main main.cpp test.a 再编译会发现，问题已经成功解决。
你的make工程要么少了一个或以上的源码,要么少了库了
爱问答